• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    molten metal containment structure. Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a molten metal containment structure including a refractory molten metal containment vessel with an outer surface, and a metallic liner for the vessel with an inner surface at least partially surrounding the outer surface of the vessel at a distance from it forming a spacing between the vessel and the lining. the spacing includes a gap extending upward unobstructed which exits the structure through the top and bottom openings in the coating. a layer of insulating material is preferably positioned at the spacing between the inner surface of the liner and the outer surface of the vessel, with the layer of insulating material being narrower than the spacing at least on the sides extending upward from the liner, thus forming the gap clear. the vessel may be a metal transfer channel, a housing for a metal filter, a container for a metal degassing unit, a crucible, or the like.
    公开号:BR112012013775B1
    申请号:R112012013775-1
    申请日:2010-12-08
    公开日:2020-09-01
    发明作者:Eric W. Reeves；Jason D. Hymas；John Steven Tingey
    申请人:Novelis Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD
    [001] The present invention relates to molten metal containment systems and structures used, for example, to transfer molten metal from one location to another, for example, from a metal melting furnace to a casting mold metal caster or caster table. More particularly, the invention relates to such structures containing a refractory vessel (usually ceramic), for example, a metal distribution channel, crucible, or the like, contained in an external metallic coating used to support, protect and locate the refractory vessel . BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [002] Metal containment structures of this type have the disadvantage that the refractory vessel can become extremely hot during use because of contact with the molten metal (for example, 680 ° C to 750 ° C during the transfer of aluminum or cast aluminum alloys). If this heat is transferred to the outer metallic lining of the structure, the metallic lining may be subject to expansion, warping or distortion which, in turn, can cause cracks to form in the vessel or, if the refractory vessel is made in sections, can cause gaps to form between sections, thus allowing molten metal to leak from the vessel to the lining. In addition, the outer surfaces of the coating can assume an operating temperature that is unsafe for equipment operators. These disadvantages are made worse if additional heating is applied to the outside of the vessel within the liner to keep the molten metal at a desired high temperature. For example, temperatures up to 900 ° C can be reached outside the vessel when additional heating of this type is employed Layers of insulating material can be provided between the vessel and the interior of the liner, but such layers may not be sufficient to maintain an acceptable temperature on the outer surface of the coating without increasing the width of the metal retaining structure walls too much.
    [003] It may also be possible to form an air gap within the liner to provide additional thermal insulation of the vessel. For example, U.S. patent 5,316,071, issued to Skinner et al. on May 31, 1994, it reveals a fused metal distribution chute with an air gap or air gaps between insulation layers and an external metallic coating or housing. A blower is used to move air longitudinally along the side wall cavities to cool the support structure. However, the provision of a blower arrangement like this is complex and expensive and therefore undesirable.
    [004] There is, therefore, a need for an improved device to provide support for a refractory metal containment vessel, such as a channel, within a metallic coating of a metal containment structure, while also avoiding excessively high temperatures on the surfaces. external coating. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
    [005] An exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a molten metal containment structure (for example, containment or distribution) including a refractory molten metal containment vessel with an external surface, and a metallic coating for the vessel with a surface internal involving at least partially the outer surface of the vessel at a distance from it forming a spacing between the vessel and the lining. The spacing includes a gap extending unobstructed upwards that exits the structure through the upper and lower openings in the coating.
    [006] Preferably, a layer of insulating material is positioned at the spacing between the inner surface of the liner and the outer surface of the vessel, the layer of insulating material being narrower than the spacing at least on the sides that extend upward from the liner, thus forming the clear gap.
    [007] The unobstructed gap is preferably formed between the layer of insulating material and the inner surface of the metallic coating, but can alternatively, or additionally, be formed between the layer of insulating material and the outer surface of the refractory vessel. In addition, a second gap (open or not to the outside) can be formed on one side of the insulating material layer opposite the clear gap.
    [008] The unobstructed gap can, if desired, be made to extend through the bottom of the metallic coating as well as on the sides that extend upwards.
    [009] The coating preferably has a base wall, side walls and a top, with the upper and lower openings being positioned on or adjacent to the top and base wall of the coating. Preferably, the lower openings are channels formed between plates used for the base wall and side walls of the cladding, and the upper openings are holes or slits in the top wall of the cladding.
    [0010] Above all preferably, the gap is unobstructed and the openings are dimensioned to cause laminar flow of air through the gap.
    [0011] The vessel may be, for example, an elongated molten metal transfer channel with an elongated channel extending from one longitudinal end of the channel to an opposite longitudinal end, a vessel with a channel for transferring molten metal, the channel being provided with a metal filter, a vessel with an internal volume to contain molten metal with at least one metal degassing impeller extending to the internal volume, or a crucible with an internal volume adapted to contain metal in Fusion.
    [0012] A preferred embodiment provides a molten metal distribution structure with a ceramic channel with sides and a bottom, and an outer surface, and a metallic coating for the ceramic channel with an inner surface at least partially surrounding the outer surface of the ceramic channel at a distance from it forming a spacing between the channel and the coating. A layer of thermal insulating material is positioned in the spacing between the ceramic channel and the coating. The layer of insulating material adjacent to the sides of the ceramic channel is made narrower than the spacing at these points to form a continuous unfilled gap extending upwards within the structure on its sides. The gap communicates with upper and lower openings in the liner positioned to allow outside air to enter and flow upward through the gap. The gap creates an air flow through the coating, which reduces the coating temperature.
    [0013] The vessel of all exemplary modalities is basically intended to contain or transfer aluminum or molten aluminum alloys, but can be applied to contain or transfer other molten metals and alloys, particularly those with melting points similar to that of molten aluminum, for example, magnesium, lead, tin and zinc (which have lower melting points than the melting point of aluminum) and copper and gold (which have higher melting points). Iron and steel have much higher melting points, but the structures of the invention can also be designed for such metals, if desired. Molten aluminum contained in an unheated vessel is typically maintained at a temperature in the range of 680 to 720 ° C. In such conditions, the temperature of the outer surface of an insulating layer would normally be around 250 to 300 ° C, and exemplary embodiments can reduce the temperature of the outer metallic coating to 100 ° C or less.
    [0014] The vessel is preferably made of a refractory material. The terms "refractory material" in the form used here to refer to metal containment vessels should include all materials that are relatively resistant to attack by molten metals and that are capable of retaining their resistance to the high temperatures contemplated for the vessels. Such materials include, but are not limited to, ceramic materials (non-metallic inorganic solids and heat resistant glass) and non-metals. A non-limiting list of suitable materials includes the following: aluminum oxides (alumina), silicon (silica, particularly fumed silica), magnesium (magnesia), calcium (limestone), zirconium (zirconia), boron (boron oxide) ); carbides, borides, nitrides, metal silicides, such as silicon carbide, nitride bonded silicon carbide (SYN / SYNN4), boron carbide, boron nitride; aluminosilicates, for example, calcium and aluminum silicate; composite materials (for example, oxide and non-oxide composites); glasses, including machinable glasses; mineral fiber wools or their mixtures; carbon or graphite; and the like.
    [0015] The terms "metal containment vessel" include, without limitation, vessels that are intended and designed to contain molten metal for a period of time and vessels that are intended and designed to transfer molten metal from one location to one another, both continuously and intermittently. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0016] Exemplary modalities of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    [0017] Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a perspective view of a molten metal or gutter containment structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
    [0018] Figure 2 is a cross section of the structure of Figure 1; and
    [0019] Figure 3 is a side view of part of the structure of figures 1 and 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY MODALITIES
    [0020] Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a molten metal distribution structure 10 (e.g., a chute) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The structure has a refractory channel 12 that acts as a metal containment vessel. The channel, which consists of two channel sections 12A and 12B, can be made of any suitable ceramic material that is resistant to high temperature and attack by the molten metal transferred through the channel. Suitable examples include alumina and metal carbides, such as silicon carbide. The channel has a U-shaped channel 13 for transferring molten metal from one end of the structure to the other. In use, the structure would be connected at each end to the other equipment, for example, a chute from a metal melting furnace and a chute that leads to a casting mold or casting table (not shown). The channel has longitudinal sides 14, a bottom 15 and narrow top edges 16 arranged along each side of the channel 13.
    [0021] The channel 2 is positioned inside a metallic covering and partially surrounded by it 17, which serves to position the channel, to keep the channel sections mutually aligned and in contact, and to protect the channel. The liner 17 has sides 18, a bottom 19 (see figure 2) and top plates 20 extending on each side of the U-shaped channel 13 of the channel. The coating 17 can be made of steel or another metal which has good resistance to high temperatures.
    [0022] As illustrated, the coating of this exemplary modality is made of several parts. The sides and bottom of the cladding are made of elongated metal sheets 22 and 23, respectively. These plates are grouped by means of numerous U-shaped metal ribs spaced along the structure between their longitudinal ends. In turn, the ribs 25 are contained by lateral metal clamps 27 and base clamps 28 extending between the ribs and connected at their outer edges. The liner also has end compression flanges 30 at each longitudinal end that keep the channel under longitudinal compression to minimize cracks.
    [0023] Channel 12 is rigidly supported within the liner by means of vertical compression supports 32 and horizontal compression supports 34. These supports are in the form of metal rods 35, made, for example, of stainless steel, extending through of the base clamps 28 and side clamps 27 through holes in the plates 23 and 22, and the thermal insulating material 46 and 47 to make contact with the channel in the bottom 15 and the lower ends of the sides 14. The internal ends of the rods 35 are provided with enlarged metal contact pads 36 that spread the load applied by the rods to the channel 12 to prevent damage to the channel. The vertical compression supports 32 not only support the channel, but apply compressive force, which is possible because the top edges 16 of the channel are held under the top sheets 20 of the liner which are held down firmly by screws 37. The horizontal compression supports 34 also apply compressive force adjacent to the bottom of the channel, with the supports being positioned opposite each other to counteract the applied force. Thus, the compression supports suspend the channel within the liner, still leaving spaces 40 and 42 separating the outer surfaces of the liner from the sides and bottom of the channel, respectively. The compressive supports accommodate any expansion and contraction of the channel, and the coating, caused by the thermal cycle, by virtue of compression washers 44 located below the screw heads 45 that pass through the compression supports 32 and 34.
    [0024] Positioned in spaces 40 and 42 are layers 46 and 47 of thermal insulating material. These layers can be made of any suitable heat resistant thermal insulation, for example, plates made of refractory ceramics such as alumina. Layers 46 and 47 are narrower than spaces 40 and 42, at least on the sides of the channel, and thus create continuous unfilled gaps 49 and 50 between the insulating layers and internal surfaces of the coating. These gaps are maintained by the spacing screws 48 that keep the insulation layers away from the inner surface of the side plates 22. Gaps 51 and 52 are also formed between the insulating layers 46 and 47 and the outer surface of the channel 12. However, the gaps outer 49 on the facing side are completely ventilated to the external atmosphere, since they communicate with upper openings 54 and lower openings 55. Lower openings 55 are in fact open channels arranged along the length of the structure formed between side plates 22 and sheet metal. base 23 of the coating, since these plates are secured in such a way that their edges do not meet. The upper openings 54 are slits formed in the top plates 20, as best seen in figure 1. There are several such slits on each side of the channel arranged longitudinally along the top plates 20. As indicated by the arrows shown in figure 2 , the upper and lower openings 54 and 55 allow external air to enter the gaps 49, pass upwards through the gaps due to the convection caused by the heating of the air, and pass out of the gaps and the casing through the upper openings 54 The gaps and openings thus provide a passive form of cooling that removes heat from the interior of the structure adjacent to the inner surface of the lining, and thus help to reduce the temperature of the lining walls, thereby reducing the likelihood of warping, distortion and damage, and reducing the risk of burns on operators.
    [0025] The gap 50 in the bottom of the coating also gives way to the outside due to the communication of this gap with the lateral gaps 49, as shown. The bottom of the coating is also low temperature because of this ventilation.
    [0026] The width of the side gaps 49 and the size of the openings 54 and 55 are preferably such that a relatively slow laminar flow of air passes through the gaps 49 without causing turbulence, because turbulence can increase heat transfer through the gap. The ideal width of the gap is a function of the channel height, the surface characteristics of the insulating layers 46 and 47, and the design of the top sheet 20, as well as the pressure, moisture content and air temperature, and so the ideal width can vary according to these parameters. However, a gap of less than 0.06 inch (2 mm) is difficult to maintain in the length of the structure because of cut and weld tolerances. On the other hand, as the gap becomes larger, the width of the top plate 20 has to increase, and this requires the plate to be made of a thicker steel or the provision of support ribs to withstand the bending moment. caused by the vertical compression of the refractory channel. For these reasons, a gap larger than about 2 inches (5.1 cm), or even 1 inch (2.5 cm), can be problematic, and gaps larger than about 0.375 inch (1 cm), or even 0.25 inch (6 mm), may require extra structural support for the top plates. In general, the openings 54 and 55 are made in size and possibly in a manner suitable for promoting smooth laminar flow of air through the gaps, and certainly the upper openings 54 may be the most important for controlling the air flow. An adequate ratio of the size of the opening to that of the gap can be chosen by trial and test or by computer modeling techniques.
    [0027] Gaps 51 and 52 formed on the channel side of insulation layers 46 and 47 do not exit to the outside in the exemplary mode illustrated and thus they act as non-ventilated thermal breakers or air gaps, but they can alternatively be ventilated by providing appropriate openings, for example, small upper and lower openings in insulating layers 46 and 47 providing communication with gaps 49 and 50, in order to produce additional ventilated cooling of the structure. However, even if such additional ventilation is not provided, gaps 51 and 52 provide additional thermal insulation from the channel to the liner.
    [0028] Figure 3 illustrates how the end compression flanges 30 can be placed under compression to act on the ends of the channel 12. Thus, the flanges 30 are movable in relation to the rest of the liner and are attached to the screws 60 that pass through of an adjacent rib 25. The rotation of the screw heads 61 pulls the flange 20 axially inward and the flange in turn presses the longitudinal end of the channel 12 (figure 2). Compression washers 62 positioned between the screw head 61 and the rib 25 allow slight channel movements due to the contraction and expansion caused by the thermal cycle.
    [0029] Although the exemplary modality previously illustrated is preferred, several modifications and changes can be made, if desired. For example, insulating layers 46 and 47 can be completely absent from the structure so that it can rely only on passive air ventilation to protect the external metallic coating from exposure to high temperatures. In addition, when such insulating layers are present, the vented gap may be provided on the vessel side of the insulating layers, rather than on the coating side, as shown, although this may have the effect of extracting large amounts of heat from the channel. The gap in the channel side of the insulation can be passively ventilated, providing holes or crevices in the base insulation layer 47 and in the side insulation layers 46 near the top. The external air would then still enter through the lower opening 55 and exit through the upper opening 54, or the upper opening 54 could move to a position above the gap on the channel side of the insulation.
    [0030] The structure of figures 1 to 3 does not include heating device for the channel inside the coating, but the use of such heating device is possible. For example, electric heating elements can be provided in the gaps 51 on each side of the channel 12. Other examples of channel structures with heating device are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,973,955 issued to Tingey et al. on December 13, 2005 (the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated by this reference). If such a heating device is employed, it is desirable to make the rods 35 of the vertical and horizontal compression supports partially or completely of a refractory ceramic material, for example, alumina, and not of a metal. This is due to the fact that the rods are subjected to higher temperatures when the heating device is provided inside the coating, and such temperatures can cause the metal rods to deform or lose compressive strength.
    [0031] In the aforementioned modality, channel 12 is an elongated molten metal channel of the type used in molten metal distribution systems used to transfer molten metal from one location (for example, a metal melting furnace) to another location (for example, a casting mold). However, according to other exemplary modalities, other types of metal containment and distribution vessels can be used, for example, such as an in-line ceramic filter (for example, a ceramic foam filter) used to filter particulate from a stream melting metal as it passes, for example, from a metal melting furnace to a casting table. In such a case, the vessel includes a channel for transferring molten metal with a filter positioned in the channel. Examples of such vessel and molten metal containment systems are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,673,902, issued to Aubrey et al. on October 7, 1997, and PCT publication no. WO 2006/110974 A1, published on October 26, 2006.
    [0032] In another exemplary embodiment, the vessel acts as a container in which molten metal is degassed, for example, as in a so-called "Alcan compact metal degasser" revealed in PCT patent specification WO 95/21273 , published on August 10, 1995. The degassing operation removes hydrogen and other impurities from a molten metal stream as it travels from an oven to a casting table. A vessel like this includes an internal volume for containing molten metal in which rotating impellers of the degasser project from above. The vessel can be used for batch processing, or it can be part of a metal distribution system attached to the metal transfer vessels. In general, the vessel can be any refractory metal containment vessel positioned within a metal liner. The vessel can also be designed as a refractory ceramic crucible to contain large melting metal bodies for transport from one location to another. All of these alternative modalities have a refractory vessel positioned within an external metallic coating and can therefore be modified to incorporate the inventive features disclosed here.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. Metal molten containment structure (10), comprising: a refractory molten metal containment vessel (12) with an outer surface; and a metallic coating (17), having a base wall, sides extending upwards and a top, for the vessel (12) with an internal surface at least partially surrounding the external surface of the vessel (12) at a distance from it forming a spacing between the vessel (12) and the liner (17); characterized by the fact that the spacing includes a gap (49) extending upwards unobstructed on said sides of the cladding which is completely ventilated to the external atmosphere by communication with the upper and lower openings (54, 55) in the cladding (17) formed on or adjacent the top and bottom wall of the liner (17) and positioned to allow external air to enter and flow upward through the gap (49) to provide a passive form of cooling that removes heat from the interior of the structure adjacent to said inner lining surface (17).
    [0002]
    2. Structure (10) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a layer of insulating material (46, 47) is positioned in the spacing between the inner surface of the covering (17) and the outer surface of the vessel (12 ), said layer of insulating material (46, 47) being narrower than the spacing at least on said sides extending upwards from the coating (17), thus forming said unobstructed gap (49) in the spacing.
    [0003]
    Structure (10) according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the clear gap (49) is formed between said layer of insulating material (46, 47) and the internal surface of the metallic coating (17).
    [0004]
    Structure (10) according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the clear gap (49) is formed between said layer of insulating material (46, 47) and the external surface of the refractory vessel (12).
    [0005]
    5. Structure (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that said clear gap (49) is formed on one side of the insulating material layer (46, 47), and a second gap is formed in one other side of the insulating material layer (46, 47).
    [0006]
    6. Structure (10) according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the second unobstructed gap communicates with lower and upper openings in the coating positioned to allow outside air to enter and flow upwards through the second unobstructed gap.
    [0007]
    7. Structure (10) according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that said layer of insulating material (46, 47) adjacent to a bottom of the coating is narrower than the spacing, said unobstructed gap (49) thereby extending through said bottom of the liner as well as said upwardly extending sides of the liner.
    [0008]
    8. Structure (10), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the metallic covering (17) comprises separate metallic plates forming the sides and bottom of the covering, said plates being positioned to create channels between said wall of base and each of said sides, said channels forming said lower openings.
    [0009]
    9. Structure (10), according to claim 1 or king-vindication 8, characterized by the fact that said top of the coating has slits in it, said slits forming said upper openings.
    [0010]
    10. Structure (10), according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that the clear gap (49) and said openings are dimensioned to cause laminar flow of air through the gap.
    [0011]
    11. Structure (10), according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the fact that the vessel (12) is made of a ceramic material.
    [0012]
    12. Structure (10), according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that said refractory vessel (12) is an elongated molten metal transfer channel with an elongated channel extending from a longitudinal end of the channel to an opposite longitudinal end.
    [0013]
    13. Structure (10), according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that the vessel (12) has a channel for transferring molten metal, said channel containing a metal filter.
    [0014]
    14. Structure (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that the vessel (12) has an internal volume to contain molten metal, and at least one metal degassing impeller extending up to the internal volume.
    [0015]
    15. Structure (10), according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that the vessel (12) is a crucible with an internal volume adapted to contain molten metal.
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    BR112020006155A2|2017-09-28|2020-10-20|Alum Indústria E Comércio De Insumos Para Fundição Ltda Epp|internal heating system for refractory gutters|
    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-19| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-01| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US28388709P| true| 2009-12-10|2009-12-10|
    US61/283887|2009-12-10|
    PCT/CA2010/001936|WO2011069249A1|2009-12-10|2010-12-08|Molten metal containment structure having flow through ventilation|
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